Study: Breast-feeding may lower women's risk of developing metabolic syndrome
OAKLAND, Calif. Breast-feeding a child may lower a woman's risk of developing metabolic syndrome, a condition linked to heart disease and diabetes in women, according to a Kaiser Permanente study that was published Thursday online, ahead of print, and will appear in the February issue of Diabetes, a journal of the American Diabetes Association.
The protective association was even stronger for women who had gestational diabetes during pregnancy, according to the study's lead author, Erica Gunderson, an epidemiologist and research scientist at Kaiser Permanente's Division of Research. Breastfeeding a child lowers risk by 39% to 56% (depending on the duration of breastfeeding) for women without gestational diabetes, and 44% to 86% (depending on the duration of breastfeeding) for women with gestational diabetes, researchers said. Investigators looked at durations that included up to one month of lactation up to greater than nine months of lactation.
Previous research has shown that lactating women have more favorable blood levels of glucose and lipids within several weeks after delivery than women who were not lactating. Other studies have reported much weaker protective associations of breastfeeding with the presence of Metabolic Syndrome and diabetes in middle-aged and older women.
Funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health, this 20-year prospective study is the first to measure all components of metabolic syndrome both before pregnancy and after weaning in women of childbearing age, enabling researchers to examine breastfeeding in relation to new onset of metabolic syndrome, Gunderson said.
"The findings indicate that breast-feeding a child may have lasting favorable effects on a woman's risk factors for later developing diabetes or heart disease," she said, explaining that the benefits don't appear to be due to differences in weight gain, physical activity, or other health behaviors. However, in this study, less belly fat and higher levels of good cholesterol (HDL-C) were characteristic of women who did not develop metabolic syndrome, Gunderson said.
Among the 704 women, who were ages 18 to 30 years at enrollment, had never previously given birth and were free of metabolic syndrome before all their pregnancies, there were 120 new cases of metabolic syndrome after pregnancies during 20 years of follow-up.
"Because the metabolic syndrome affects about 18% to 37% of U.S. women between ages 20-59, the childbearing years may be a vulnerable period for its development,” Gunderson said. “Postpartum screening of risk factors for diabetes and heart disease may offer an important opportunity for primary prevention."